Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a biological effect induced by electrical energy. When cells are exposed to short pulses of a high-voltage electric field, the permeability of the cell membrane to ions and macromolecules increases, forming nanoscale pores that enhance the exchange of substances between the intracellular and extracellular environments – this effect is termed “electroporation.” Electroporation can be either reversible or irreversible. Under specific conditions (e.g., sufficiently high electric field strength), this increased permeability can become a permanent change. The resulting pores disrupt the homeostasis between the intracellular and extracellular environments, ultimately inducing apoptosis and necrosis – this is known as “irreversible electroporation.”